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== Kawkhankatapa ==
[[Archivo:Tenochtitlan.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|The western side of the shallow Lake Texcoco. Tenochtitlan is the southern part of the main island (under the red line). The northern part is Tlatelolco.]]
Tenochtitlan uka markax 8-13.5 kilumitrunakataynawa, Texcoco quta inti jalanttuqina. Alayat aynachkamataynawa, alaytuqtixa Taltelolco ukaw jant'anakkamaw puritayna, ukapachanxa uka jant'anakax k'achat k'achat uraqiptaskatayna.
Markax qutanjam thakhi luratanakanitaynawa, uka thakhinakax alaytuqiru, aynachtuqiru ukhamarak intijalanttuqir mistkiritaynawa. Uka thakhinakax chakanakan luratataynawa, ukhamat umas jan ukax wutinakas ch'usak mistsupxañanakapataki. Ukhamarak uka thakhinakax ums markarux jark'aqarakiritaynawa. Aka markax kayukis jan ukax wutits taqituqirus sarañxamakitaynawa.
At the time of Spanish conquests, Mexico City comprised both Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco. The city extended from north to south, from the north border of Tlatelolco to the [[Juqhu|swamps]], which by that time were gradually disappearing to the west; the city ended more or less at the present location of Avenida Bucareli.
Markarux pä jach'a qhich'anakaw puriniritayna, sapamayax 4 kilumitrutaynawa. Chapultepec ukhatpach umx irpanipxirityana. Uka umax juk'ampis q'umachasiñatak t'axsusiñatakiritaynawa. Umañatakix qullunakat suma jalsu umanak irpanipxiritayna. Jaqinakax uka markanx paykutiw urunx jarisipxiritayna, nämakis jilir irpirix (Moctezuma) pus kutiw urunx jarisiritayna. Ukhamarak janchi jarisiñatakix alinakan saphipampiw jarisipxiritayna, uka alix ''copalxocotl'' (''Saponaria americana'') sutinitaynawa,<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook to life in the Aztec world|last=Aguilar-Moreno|first=Manuel|year=2006|publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]]|location=|isbn=978-0-8160-5673-6|page=368|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iT5cww4rQdoC&pg=PA368|accessdate=2 November 2010}}</ref> uka pachparak isinak t'axsuñatakix ''metl'' (''Agave americana'') sat alin saphipampirakiw t'axsusipxiritayna. Juk'ampis marka irpirinakan wilamasinakapamp ukhamarak usur warminakampix ''temazcalli (jach'a jarisiñ lamanxamataynawa)'' sat jarisiñ lamanan jarisipxiritayna''.''
The city was connected to the mainland by causeways leading to the north, south, and west. The causeways were interrupted by bridges that allowed canoes and other water traffic to pass freely. The bridges could be pulled away, if necessary, to defend the city. The city was interlaced with a series of canals, so that all sections of the city could be visited either on foot or via canoe.
Lake Texcoco was the largest of five interconnected lakes. Since it formed in an endorheic basin, Lake Texcoco was brackish. During the reign of Moctezuma I, the "levee of Nezahualcoyotl" was constructed, reputedly designed by Nezahualcoyotl. Estimated to be {{Convert|12|to|16|km}} in length, the levee was completed circa 1453. The levee kept fresh spring-fed water in the waters around Tenochtitlan and kept the brackish waters beyond the dike, to the east.
{{Jaqix si|Kunawsatix qutan lurat markanak, ukhamarak jan qutan lurat markanak uñjapxtxa, walpun muspharapxta, ukax jayupayapkitaspas ukhamanawa (...) Kunayman utachatanakapuniw quta manqhat uñstani, quta patxar utachatkamaki. Uk uñjasax pallallanakajax janit akax samkäki sasaw jiskt'asipxi (...) Uka luratanakax janiw kunjam qillqaqañxamakisa, janipuniw wiñayanx ukham uñjapxirïkti,ist'apxarakiriktsa, samkans umjapxirïkti. |[[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]]|''The Conquest of New Spain''<ref>Bernal Diaz Del Castillo, "The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521", Edited by Genaro Garcia, Translated with an Introduction and Notes?, pp 269–, A. P. MAUDSLAY, first pub 1928 [https://archive.org/stream/bernaldiazdelcas002605mbp/bernaldiazdelcas002605mbp_djvu.txt]</ref>}}Markax pusir jaljatänawa; sapa jaljaw 20r jaljasitayna (''calpullis'', [[Nawa aru|Nahuatl]] ''calpōlli''); sapa ''calpulli'', jan ukax 'jach'a uta'w thakhinitayna (''tlaxilcalli'') uñkat uñkatasi. Kimsa jach'a thakhiw markx thiyat thiy mistsüna. Sapamayaw uka qutanjam thakhir uraqir mistsuñatak uñtayäna, Tepeyac, Ixtapalpa, ukhamarak Tlacopan tuqinakaru.<ref name="Coe, M. 2008, p. 193">Coe, M. 2008, p. 193.</ref> Bernal Díaz del Castillo jaqix uka thakhinakax tunka kawallunjam sarañanakjamanaw sasaw qillqt'awayatayna. Thakhi thiyanakanx quta patxan pankaranakaw wal panqarrantiritayna, quqanakas alinakas achurakiritaynawa.<ref name="Walker, C. 1980, p. 162">Walker, C. 1980, p. 162.</ref> C''alpullis'' jan ukax jach'a utanakax jisk'a jawirjamanakan jaljatataynawa, ukax wutinakan apnaqañapatakitaynawa, ukhamarak chakanakapas lawat lurt'ataraki, uka chakanakax arumax apthapiñaxataynawa.
TheAka earliestmark Europeanlurat imagesjamuqanakax ofEuropa themarkanx cityAugsburg wereukan woodcutskahaya published1522 in Augsburg around 1522uñacht'ayasitayna.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newspaper About the Country that the Spaniards Found in 1521, Called Yucatan|work=World Digital Library|accessdate=2014-06-22|date=2011-10-17|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2832}}</ref> ▼Two double aqueducts, each more than {{Convert|4|km|mi}} long and made of terracotta,<ref>Cortés, H.</ref> provided the city with fresh water from the springs at Chapultepec. This was intended mainly for cleaning and washing. For drinking, water from mountain springs was preferred. Most of the population liked to bathe twice a day; Moctezuma was said to take four baths a day. According to the context of Aztec culture in literature, the soap that they most likely used was the root of a plant called ''copalxocotl'' (''Saponaria americana''),<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook to life in the Aztec world|last=Aguilar-Moreno|first=Manuel|year=2006|publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]]|location=|isbn=978-0-8160-5673-6|page=368|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iT5cww4rQdoC&pg=PA368|accessdate=2 November 2010}}</ref> and to clean their clothes they used the root of ''metl'' (''Agave americana''). Also, the upper classes and pregnant women washed themselves in a ''temazcalli,'' similar to a sauna bath, which is still used in the south of Mexico. This was also popular in other Mesoamerican cultures.
{{Jaqix si|When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments (...) on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry. And some of our soldiers even asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream? (...) I do not know how to describe it, seeing things as we did that had never been heard of or seen before, not even dreamed about.|[[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]]|''The Conquest of New Spain''<ref>Bernal Diaz Del Castillo, "The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521", Edited by Genaro Garcia, Translated with an Introduction and Notes?, pp 269–, A. P. MAUDSLAY, first pub 1928 [https://archive.org/stream/bernaldiazdelcas002605mbp/bernaldiazdelcas002605mbp_djvu.txt]</ref>}}Markax pusir jaljatänawa; each ''camp'' was divided into 20 districts (''calpullis'', [[Nawa aru|Nahuatl]] ''calpōlli''); and each ''calpulli'', or 'big house', was crossed by streets or ''tlaxilcalli''. There were three main streets that crossed the city, each leading to one of the three causeways to the mainland of Tepeyac, Ixtapalpa, and Tlacopan.<ref name="Coe, M. 2008, p. 193">Coe, M. 2008, p. 193.</ref> Bernal Díaz del Castillo reported that they were wide enough for ten horses. Surrounding the raised causeways were artificial floating gardens with canal waterways and gardens of plants, shrubs, and trees.<ref name="Walker, C. 1980, p. 162">Walker, C. 1980, p. 162.</ref> The ''calpullis'' were divided by channels used for transportation, with wood bridges that were removed at night.
▲The earliest European images of the city were woodcuts published in Augsburg around 1522.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newspaper About the Country that the Spaniards Found in 1521, Called Yucatan|work=World Digital Library|accessdate=2014-06-22|date=2011-10-17|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2832}}</ref>
=== Qhatu ===
[[Archivo:Tlatelolco_Marketplace.JPG|miniaturadeimagen|300x300px|The Tlatelolco Marketplace as depicted at The Field Museum, Chicago.]]
EachSapa ''calpulli'' (fromjan Classical Nahuatlukax jach''calpōlli'',a Nahuatlutan pronunciation: [kaɬˈpoːlːi], meaning "large house") had its ownqhatupax (''tiyanquiztli'') (marketplace)utjiritayna, butukhamarak there was alsoyaqha jach'a mainqhatuw marketplaceTlatelolco inukanx Tlatelolcoutjatayna – Tenochtitlan's sisterkullak citymarkapataynawa. Cortés estimatedq'ara itjaqix wasnä twicepä theSalamanca size(ispañ ofmarkana) themarkarukaspas cityukham ofamuyatayna, Salamanca with aboutukatx 60,000 peoplejaqinakas tradingsapür dailyuka markanx qamapkaspax ukham amuyt'atayna. Bernardino de Sahagún providesjupax a more conservative population estimate of 20,000 onsapürux ordinary days andukat 40,000 onjaqinakakaspas phunchäw urunakanx feastukham daysamuyarakitayna. ThereQhatut wereparlkasinx alsoyaqhawjanakanx specializedwali marketssum injach'a theqhatunakaw otherMexico centralukanx Mexican citiesutjiritayna.
=== Markawj utachatanaka ===
[[Archivo:Reconstruction_of_Tenochtitlan2006.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|300x300px|ATenochtitlanan picturechikaw oftaypi Tenochtitlan and a model of the Templo Mayor.uta]]
Marka chikawjanx marka iprtañ utanaka, yupaychañ utanaka, irpirin utanakapaw utachatatayna. Jach'a palas chikawjanx luqtañatak luratataynawa. Ukhamipanx uka chikawjanx nä 45 jach'a utanakaw utjatayna: Templo Mayor, ukax Aztecan tatitupataynawa, Huitzilopochtli sutini; ukatx Quetzalcoatl utaraki, ukax jallu puriyiritaynawa; ''tlachtli'' (t'ixit anatañ uta); Inti uta, Tonatiuh sutini; paka uta, ukax ch'axwirinakan utapa, ukhamarak kamachinak luririnakan utapa ukhamataynawa.<ref>Coe, M. 2008, p. 193</ref>
In the center of the city were the public buildings, temples, and palaces. Inside a walled square, 500 meters to a side, was the ceremonial center. There were about 45 public buildings, including: the Templo Mayor, which was dedicated to the Aztec patron deity Huitzilopochtli and the Rain God Tlaloc; the temple of Quetzalcoatl; the ''tlachtli'' (ball game court) with the ''tzompantli'' or rack of skulls; the Sun Temple, which was dedicated to Tonatiuh; the Eagle's House, which was associated with warriors and the ancient power of rulers; the platforms for the gladiatorial sacrifice; and some minor temples.<ref>Coe, M. 2008, p. 193</ref>
OutsideMoctezuma wasjach'a theirpirin palace of Moctezuma withutapax 100 roomsutanitaynawa, eachsapa withmä itsutanx ownirnaqañan bath,yanapirinakapaw for the lords and ambassadors of allies and conquered peopleutt'atiritayna. AlsoUka locatedjak'anakanx nearbyq'uchuñ was theutas ''cuicalli'', orsutin house of the songs, and the ''calmecac''utjarakitaynawa.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 87.</ref>
Markax wali suma lurt'atapunitaynawa, janiw aliqak kawkharus utachnuqupxirikataynati. Mayni ''calmimilocatl'' sutin utjiritayna, jupaw marka utanak utachasipxañanakapatakix iyawsirityana.
The city had great symmetry. All constructions had to be approved by the ''calmimilocatl'', a functionary in charge of the city planning.
=== PalacesII ofMoctezuman Moctezuma IIutapa ===
[[Moctezuma|Moctezuma II]] uka irpirin utapanx pä jach'a jamach'inak uywanak uywañ utaw utjatayna. Mayïrixa, paka jamach'inakatakitaynawa, maynïrist yaqha jamach'inakataki, yaqha uywanakampitakitaynawa. Uka utanxa, nä 300 jaqiw uñjapxirityana (manq'ayañataki, pichañataki).
The palace of [[Moctezuma|Moctezuma II]] also had two houses or zoos, one for birds of prey and another for other [[Jamach'i|birds]], reptiles, and [[Ñuñuri|mammals]]. About 300 people were dedicated to the care of the animals.
ThereUkhamarak wasuka alsoutapanxa, apankar botanicalyapump gardenchallwanak anduywañ anjisk'a aquariumqutampiw utjatayna. TheUmax aquariumjayun hadumamp tensuma pondsch'uwa ofumaw salt water and ten ponds of fresh water, containing various fish and aquatic birdsutjatayna. Places like this also existed inUkapachpanakax Texcoco, Chapultepec, Huaxtepec (nowukhamarak calledTexcotzingo Oaxtepec),uksanakan and Texcotzingoutjatayna.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 89.</ref>
== Markachirinaka ==
<blockquote>Tenochtitlan uka markanx kunayman jaqinakaw qamapxatayna: irpirinakax yaqhataynawa (''Teteuctin''), arkirinakax (''pipiltin'') yaqharaki, ch'axwirinaka (''Cuauhipiltin''), markachirinaka (''macehualtin''), yanapasirinaka (''Tlacohtin''), ukjarux qamirinaka (''Pochteca'') jupanakax phuñchawinakan wal manq'anak taqinitak wakichapxiritayna. Utanakapax jakäwinakaparjam utachatarakiritaynawa. </blockquote>
Tenochtitlan can be considered the most complex society in Mesoamerica in regard to social stratification. The complex system involved many social classes. The ''macehualtin'' were commoners who lived outside the island city of Tenochtitlan. The ''pipiltin'' were noblemen who were relatives of leaders and former leaders, and lived in the confines of the island. ''Cuauhipiltin'', or eagle nobles, were commoners who impressed the nobles with their great war skills, and were treated as nobles. ''Teteuctin'' were the highest class, rulers of various parts of the empire, including the king. ''Tlacohtin'' were individuals who chose to enslave themselves to pay back a debt; they were not slaves forever and were not treated as badly as typical slaves seen in other ancient civilizations worldwide. Finally, the ''pochteca'' were merchants who traveled all of Mesoamerica trading. The membership of this class was based on heredity. ''Pochteca'' could become very rich because they did not pay taxes, but they had to sponsor the ritual feast of Xocotl Huetzi from the wealth that they obtained from their trade expeditions. People were traded in large buses.
Status was displayed by location and type of house where a person lived. Ordinary people lived in houses made of reeds plastered with mud and roofed with thatch. People who were better off had houses of adobe brick with flat roofs. The wealthy had houses of stone masonry with flat roofs. They most likely made up the house complexes that were arranged around the inner court. The higher officials in Tenochtitlan lived in the great palace complexes that made up the city.
Adding even more complexity to Aztec social stratification was the ''calpolli''. ''Calpolli'', meaning ‘big house’ is a group of families related by either kinship or proximity. These groups consist of both elite members of Aztec society and commoners. Elites provided commoners with arable land and nonagricultural occupations, and commoners performed services for chiefs and gave tribute.<ref>Coe, M. 2008, p. 194-196.</ref>
== Nayrapachatpacha ==
[[Archivo:Statue_of_Foundation_of_Tenochtitlan.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|350x350px|A [[Mïxiku marka|Mexico City]] statue commemorating the foundation of Tenochtitlan.]]
Tenochtitlan uka markax Mijiku uka markan nayratpach markachirinakapataynawa, 1325 uka maranakan utjnuqasitayna. Uka markachirinakax tatitunakapan yatiyäwinakaparuw arkapxiritayna, kawkinxay mä pakax asiru katjchini, ukawjaruw markax utt'ayatäni, sasin jupanakax sarayasipxatayna. Mexica jupaw ukham samkatayna, ukax Texcoco qutaruw wakt'atayna. Ukan utanak quta patxar utachañ qallantapxatayna. Ukhamat uraqix wañt'añapataki.
Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Mexican civilization of the Mexica people founded in 1325. The state religion of the Mexica civilization awaited the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy: the wandering tribes would find the destined site for a great city whose location would be signaled by an eagle eating a snake perched atop a cactus.
Tenochtitlan markax wali jach'a ch'aman markapuniw tukutayna. Uka markax jach'a thakhinakani, alakipanakas aksat uksat saririnaka ukhamaw taqituqir jilantapxatayna. Ukhamat jach'a lamar qutanakans sarantapxiritayna, inas Inkanakampis chikañchasipxchïna, sasaw yaqhip yatxatatanakax sapxi.
The Mexica saw this vision on what was then a small swampy island in Lake Texcoco, a vision that is now immortalized in Mexico's coat of arms and on the Mexican flag. Not deterred by the unfavourable terrain, they set about building their city, using the ''chinampa'' system (misnamed as "floating gardens") for agriculture and to dry and expand the island.
Ukhamaruw ispañul Hernán Cortés sutin q'ara jaqinakax Tenochtitlan uksarux 8 lapak phaxsit, 1519 maran purintapxatayna. Ukapachanx nä 300,000 jaqinakaw ukanx mirantxatayna, ukapachanx uraqpachat wali jach'a markataynawa. Europa markanx [[Paris]], [[Venezia|Venice]] uka markanakjamanaw sasaw yatxatirinakax sapxi. Londres markax ukapachax wali jisk'akitaynawa, phisqha ukch'arutaynaw Tenochtitlan markaxa. Yaqhipanakax inas 350,000,<ref>Stannard, D. (1992)</ref> ukha jaqiniskchin sapxiwa.
A thriving culture developed, and the Mexica civilization came to dominate other tribes around Mexico. The small natural island was perpetually enlarged as Tenochtitlan grew to become the largest and most powerful city in Mesoamerica. Commercial routes were developed that brought goods from places as far as the Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific Ocean and perhaps even the Inca Empire.<ref>Blainey, G. A Very Short History of the World, 2007</ref>
After a flood of Lake Texcoco, the city was rebuilt under the rule of Ahuitzotl in a style that made it one of the grandest ever in Mesoamerica.
Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519. With an estimated population between 200,000 and 300,000, many{{Who|date=September 2014}} scholars believe Tenochtitlan to have been among the largest cities in the world at that time.<ref>{{cite book|title=Conquistador: Hernán Cortés, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs|last=Levy|first=Buddy|year=2008|publisher=Bantam Books|location=|isbn=978-0553384710|page=106|url=}}</ref> Compared to Europe, only [[Paris]], [[Venezia|Venice]] and Constantinople might have rivaled it. It was five times the size of the [[London]] of Henry VIII. In a letter to the Spanish king, Cortés wrote that Tenochtitlan was as large as [[Sevilla|Seville]] or [[Córdoba, Ispaña|Córdoba]]. Cortes' men were in awe at the sight of the splendid city and many wondered if they were dreaming.<ref>{{cite book|title=Latin American urbanization|last=Butterworth|first=Douglas|last2=Chance|first2=John K.|year=1981|publisher=CUP Archive|location=|isbn=978-0-521-28175-1|page=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wA4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA2}}</ref>
Although some popular sources put the number as high as 350,000,<ref>Stannard, D. (1992)</ref> the most common estimates of the population are of over 200,000 people. One of the few comprehensive academic surveys of Mesoamerican city and town sizes arrived at a population of 212,500 living on {{Convert|13.5|km2|sqmi}},<ref>Smith (2005), p. 411</ref> It is also said that at one time, Moctezuma had rule over an empire of almost five million people in central and southern Mexico because he had extended his rule to surrounding territories to gain tribute and prisoners to sacrifice to the gods.
=== Cortés jaqin purinitapata ===
[[Archivo:The_Conquest_of_Tenochtitlan.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|400x400px|Tenochtitlan ispañul jaqinakax jan wali amuyump puripxatapa.]]
Cortés jaqi puritapar katuqañanx pantasipxataynawa. II Moctezuma uka irpirix wali sum q'ara jaqinakarux katuqatayna, janiw jiwayirinakarjam katuqapkataynati. Quetzalcoatl tatitupachaw sasaw katuqapxatayna. Markapanak muytayapxatayna, irpirinak thiy irpapxatayna, ukham katuqapxatayna.
When Cortés and his men arrived in Tenochtitlan, Moctezuma II, who precariously ruled over a large empire, chose to welcome Cortés as an honored guest, rather than risk a war which might quickly be joined by aggrieved indigenous people. Moctezuma may have feared that Cortés was the returning god Quetzalcoatl, because the Spanish arrival coincided with the close of an Aztec calendar cycle consistent with such a return. This claim is found in the Florenino Codex, among other early sources, and accepted as true in many later histories. However, some scholars doubt it.<ref>Townsend, Camilla. </ref>
Tata Cortés jupax qhispillunak irpirin kunkaparux ajuntatayna. Ukhamar ispañul q'ara jaqinakax qurik thaqhapxäna. Tatiturjam uñjasax kunxay Cortesax maychin ukx phuqhapxanawa.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 70.</ref>
As Cortés approached the great city of Tenochtitlan, the natives put on many events. Nobles lined each side along the buildings of the city's main causeway, which extended about a league. Walking down the center came Moctezuma II, who had two lords at his side, one being his brother, the ruler of Iztapalapa. Cortés dismounted, and was greeted by the ruler and his lords, but was forbidden to touch him. Cortés gave him a necklace of crystals, placing it over his neck.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 69.</ref>
Ukham sum katuqayasisin ch'axwañx qalltawayapxi. Ukhamat Moctezuma irpirirus katuntawayapxaraki.<ref>Stannard, D. 1992, 214.</ref>
They were then brought to a large house that would serve as their home for their stay in the city. Once they were settled, Moctezuma himself sat down and spoke with Cortés. The ruler declared that anything that they needed would be theirs to have.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 71.</ref> He was thrilled to have visitors of such stature. Although the Spaniards were seeking gold, Moctezuma expressed that he had very little of the sort, but all of it was to be given to Cortés if he so desired it.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 70.</ref>
Since arriving in Tenochtitlan, Cortés faced early trouble. Leaving a post in [[Veracruz Istadu|Vera Cruz]], the officer left in charge received a letter from Qualpopoca, the leader of Almería, asking to become a vassal of the Spaniards. He requested that officers be sent to him so that he could confirm his submission. To reach the province, the officers would have to travel through hostile land. The officer in charge of Vera Cruz decided to send four officers to meet with Qualpopoca.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 72.</ref>
When they arrived, they were captured and two were killed, the other two escaping through the woods. Upon their return to Vera Cruz, the officer in charge was infuriated, and so led troops to storm Almería. Here they learned that Moctezuma was supposedly the one who commanded the officers to be executed.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 73.</ref> Back in Tenochtitlan, Cortés detained Moctezuma and questioned him endlessly.<ref>Cortés, H. 1520, p. 77.</ref> Though no serious conclusions were made, this started the relationship between Moctezuma and the Spaniards on a bad note.<ref>Stannard, D. 1992, 214.</ref>
=== Ispañul jan wali jaqinak purxatata ===
Cortés subsequently besiegedjaqix Tenochtitlan formarkachirinakarux 75 days,urunakaw causingmanq'at thejiwarayäna. inhabitantsUkhamat utterispañul famine,q'ara directedamuyump themark systematictukjañataki. destructionUkjarux andispañul levelingutrak of the city,utachsuyasitayna.<ref>"The Colonial Spanish-American City: Urban Life in the Age of Atlantic Capitalism", [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Kinsbruner Jay Kinsbruner], University of Texas Press, 2005, p20,[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0292706685 ISBN 0-292-70668-5]</ref> and began its rebuilding, despite opposition, with a central area designated for Spanish use (the ''traza''). The outer Indian section, now dubbed ''San Juan Tenochtitlan'', continued to be governed by the previous indigenous elite and was divided into the same subdivisions as before.<ref>Stannard, D. 1992, 109.</ref>
=== Laqayanaka ===
[[Archivo:Templo_Mayor_2007.JPG|miniaturadeimagen|Laqayanaka, chikawj yupaychañawja.]]
Tenochtitlan uka markax jichhürunakanx laqayar tukuyatawa. Ispañul q'ara jaqinakaw uka markx q'al tukjawayapxatyana, uraq manqhar chhaqtayañkama.
Tenochtitlan's main temple complex, the Templo Mayor, was dismantled and the central district of the Spanish colonial city was constructed on top of it. The great temple was destroyed by the Spanish during the construction of a cathedral. The location of the Templo Mayor was rediscovered in the early 20th century, but major excavations did not take place until 1978–1982, after utility workers came across a massive stone disc depicting the nude dismembered body of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui. This stone disc is 3.25 meters in diameter (or 10.5 ft).<ref>{{cite book|last=Snow|first=Dean R.|title=Archaeology of Native North America|year=2010|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-13-615686-4}}</ref> These finds are held at the Templo Mayor Museum.
[[Archivo:Fundacion_Tenochtitlan.jpg|izquierda|miniaturadeimagen|''FundaciónJichhapach deMijiku Méxicomarkan utt'asiwipa,'' (The foundation of Mexico) – Tenochtitlán by Roberto Cueva del Río jupan amuyt'aparjama.]]
Ukhat qhipa maranakaruw uka nayra Tenochtitlan markan utanachatanakapx katurasipki. Katurasinsti, allsusin mayamp yatxatirinakaw utjnuqayasipki.
The ruins, constructed over seven periods, were built on top of each other. The resulting weight of the structures caused them to sink into the sediment of Lake Texcoco. This resulted in the ruins now resting at an angle instead of horizontally.
Mexico City's Zócalo, the Plaza de la Constitución, is located at the site of Tenochtitlan's original central plaza and market, and many of the original ''calzadas'' still correspond to modern city streets. The Aztec calendar stone was located in the ruins. This stone is 4 meters in diameter and weighs over 20 tons. It was once located half-way up the great pyramid. This sculpture was made around 1470 under the rule of King Axayacatl, the predecessor of Tizoc, and is said to tell the history of the Mexicas and a prophecy for the future.<ref>Walker, p. 162–7</ref>
Jichhürunxa Mijiku markan ispañulan utachatanakapax kawkinkäntix Tenochtitlan taypi utapax ukharuw q'aranakax utachayasipxatayna.
In August 1987, archaeologists discovered a mix of 1,789 human bones five metres below street level in Mexico City.<ref name="NG">{{cite web|title=Venerable Bones|author=A.R Williams|publisher=National Geographic|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/08/pictures/120829-aztec-sacrifice-templo-mayor-bones-archaeology/|date=29 August 2012}}</ref> The burial dates back to the 1480s and lies at the foot of the main temple in the sacred ceremonial precinct of the Aztec capital. The bones are from children, teenagers and adults and a complete skeleton of a young woman was also found at the site.
== Ukjarux uñjatarakispawa ==
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